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Further information:The flag of Italy (: Bandiera d'Italia), often referred to in Italian as il Tricolore ( Italian: ); is a featuring three equally-sized vertical of green, white and red, with the green at the hoist side. Its current form has been in use since 18 June 1946 and was formally adopted on 1 January 1948.The first entity to use the Italian tricolour was the in 1797, which supplanted after 's victorious army crossed in 1796. The colours chosen by the Cispadane Republic were red and white, which were the colours of the recently conquered; and green, which was the colour of the uniform of the Milanese civic guard. During this time, many small French-proxy republics of inspiration supplanted the ancient absolute Italian states and almost all, with variants of colour, used characterised by three bands of equal size, clearly inspired by the of 1790.Some have attributed particular values to the colours, and a common interpretation is that the green represents the country's plains and the hills; white, the snow-capped; and red, blood spilt in the. A more religious interpretation is that the green represents hope, the white represents faith, and the red represents charity; this references the.
Main article:The tricolour was reportedly used for the first time on 13–14 November 1794 on a worn by a group of students of the, led by and Giovanni Battista De Rolandis, who attempted to plot a popular riot to topple the Catholic government of, a city which was part of the at the time. The law students defined themselves as 'patriots' and wore tricolour cockades to signal they were inspired by revolutionary ideals, but modified them to distinguish themselves from the French. The chosen colours were white and red since those are the colours of the flag of Bologna, some scholars contend green was added only for the event to give it a more ideological effect; not all agree that the cockades used by the Bologna plotters actually had three colours, since a myth about that may have been created a year later. On 18 May 1796 a cockade with those colours commemorating the Bologna riots was reportedly presented to in, who decided banners with same colours would be carried by the Milan Civic Guard, of the Lombard Legion and the National Guard.The first official tricolore italiano, or Italian tricolour, was adopted on 7 January 1797, when the Fourteenth Parliament of the, on the proposal of deputy Giuseppe Compagnoni of, decreed 'to make universal the. Standard or flag of three colours, green, white, and red.' This was probably because the Legione Lombarda had carried banners of red, white (from the flag of ), and green (from the uniform of the civic guard), and the same colours were later adopted in the banners of the Legione Italiana, which was formed by soldiers coming from.
The flag was a horizontal square with red uppermost and, at the heart of the white, an emblem composed of a garland of laurel decorated with a trophy of arms and four arrows, representing the four provinces that formed the Republic. However, many Italians believe that the tricolore, or three-coloured flag, represents hope (green), faith (white), and love (red)- apt words to describe such a bel paese, 'beautiful country'. 1805 flag of theThe Cispadane Republic and the, which had itself been using a vertical Italian tricolour from 1796, merged into the and adopted the vertical square tricolour without badge in 1798. The flag was maintained until 1802, when it was renamed the Napoleonic, and a new flag was adopted, this time with a red field carrying a green square within a white.In 1799, the independent came under French influence and adopted as its flag a horizontal tricolour with green uppermost; this lasted until 1801. In 1805 Napoleon installed his sister, Baciocchi, as Princess of. This affair is commemorated in the opening of 's.In the same year, after Napoleon had crowned himself first, the Italian Republic was transformed into the first Napoleonic, or Italico, under his direct rule.
The flag of the Kingdom of Italy was that of the Republic in rectangular form, charged with the golden Napoleonic eagle. This remained in use until the abdication of Napoleon in 1814.Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of ItalyandProportion2:3Adopted1861 (Sardinia 1851)DesignA vertical of green, white, and red, with the arms of Savoy and crown. Variant flag of the Kingdom of ItalyProportion1:1Adopted1861 (Sardinia 1848)DesignA defaced Italian tricolourBetween 1848 and 1861, a sequence of events led to the independence and unification of Italy (except for, and, known as, which were united with the rest of Italy in 1866, 1870, and 1918 respectively); this period of Italian history is known as the, or resurgence. During this period, the tricolore became the symbol which united all the efforts of the Italian people towards freedom and independence.The Italian tricolour, with the Savoyan coat of arms, was first adopted as a by the –Piedmont army on 1848. In his Proclamation to the Lombard-Venetian people, said '.
In order to show more clearly with exterior signs the commitment to Italian unification, We want that Our troops. Have the Savoy shield placed on the Italian tricolour flag.' As the arms, gules a cross argent, mixed with the white of the flag, it was azure, blue being the colour, although this does not conform to the heraldic. The rectangular civil and state variants were adopted in 1851.In the same year, the became constitutional and dropped the, with Austria–Lorraine great coat of arms, in favour of the defaced Italian tricolour with simplified arms. It is worthy of note, however, that the arms bear the red-white-red flag of Austria, the opponent of Italian unification. In 1859, the Granducato officially ceased to exist, being joined to the Duchies of and to form the, which used the undefaced tricolour until it was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia the following year.The flag of the Constitutional, a white field with the coats of arms of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Two Sicilies, and Granada, was modified by through the addition of a red and green border. This flag lasted from 3 April 1848 until 19 May 1849.
The Provisional Government of Sicily, which lasted from 12 January 1848 to 15 May 1849, adopted the Italian tricolour, defaced with the trinacria, or. 1848–1849 flag of theIn the same year, the revolted against the in the, forming the Provisional Government of Lombardy on 22 March 1848 and Provisional Government of Venice, the so-called 'Republic of San Marco', a day later.
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The flags that they adopted, marked the link to Italian independence and unification efforts; the former, the Italian tricolour undefaced, and the latter, charged with the winged lion of St. Mark, from the flag of the, on a white. These lasted until 6 and 24 August 1849 respectively.In 1849, the new adopted an Italian tricolour, sent from Venice, bearing the legend DIO E POPOLO in red capital letters. This lasted for four months, while the of the Church was in abeyance.In 1860, the flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was again modified to the defaced Italian tricolour with the coat of arms. Adopted on 21 June 1860, this lasted until 17 March 1861, when the Two Sicilies was incorporated into the, after its defeat in the led by.On 15 April 1861, the flag of the was declared the flag of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy. This Italian tricolour, with the armorial bearings of the former Royal was the first national flag and lasted in that form for 85 years until the in 1946.
The 1880 standard of the crown princes of ItalyFascist regime In 1926, the Fascist government attempted to have the Italian national flag redesigned by having the, the symbol used by the Fascist movement, included in the flag. However, this attempt by the Fascist government to change the Italian flag to incorporate the fasces was stopped by strong opposition to the proposal by Italian monarchists. Afterwards, the Fascist government raised the national tricolour flag along with a Fascist black flag in public ceremonies. Depicting the collar of theThe Italian tricolour, which had been in use since 18 June 1946, was officially adopted in its current form on 1 January 1948, with the promulgation of the republican constitution and the end of the reign of the House of Savoy. Article 12 of the, approved by the on 22 December 1947, states:The flag of the Republic is the Italian tricolour: green, white, and red, in three vertical bands of equal dimensions.The universally adopted ratio is 2:3, while the war flag is squared (1:1). Each also has a bearing its coat of arms.The Italian comprises the national flag defaced with the arms of the; the Marina Mercantile (and private citizens at sea) use the civil ensign, differenced by the absence of the and the lion holding open the gospel, bearing the inscription PAX TIBI MARCE EVANGELISTA MEVS, instead of a sword. The shield is quartered, symbolic of the four great of Italy, the of (represented by the lion passant, top left), (top right), (bottom left), and (represented by their respective crosses); the crown was proposed by in 1939 to acknowledge the Navy's origins in ancient Rome.In 2003, a state ensign was created specifically for non-military vessels engaged in non-commercial government service; this defaces the Italian tricolour with the.
Since 1914, the have also used a of concentric rings in the colours of the tricolour as aircraft marking; substituted, from 1923 to 1943, by encircled fasces. The, officially known as the 313º Gruppo Addestramento Acrobatico, is its aerobatic demonstration team.Presidential standard.
Standard of the, modified in 2000The has an official standard. The current version is based on the square flag of the, on a field of blue, charged with the in gold.
The first version of the standard, adopted in 1965 and used until 1990 was very similar to the current version only without the red, white and green. The emblem was also much larger. This version of the standard was replaced in 1990 by then President. Cossiga's new version of the standard contained the same Royal Blue background but now with a squared Italian national flag in the centre and no emblem. This version was short lived however as only two years later it was replaced by the 1965 standard, only with a smaller emblem. This version lasted until 2000 from where it was replaced by the current version.After the Republic was proclaimed, the national flag was provisionally adopted as distinguishing flag of the head of state in place of the royal standard.
On the initiative of the, a project was prepared in 1965 to adopt a distinct flag. Opportunity suggested the most natural solution was the Italian tricolour defaced with the coat of arms; however, under conditions of poor visibility, this could easily be mistaken for the standard of the President of the United States of Mexico, which is also that country's national flag.
The standard is kept in the custody of the Commander of the Reggimento of the Arma dei, along with the war flag (assigned to Regiment in 1878).The Italian Constitution does not make provision for a Vice-President. However, separate insignia for the President of the Senate, in exercise of duties as acting head of state under Article 86, was created in 1986. This has a white square on the blue field, charged with the arms of the Republic in silver. Distinguishing insignia for former Presidents of the Republic was created in 2001; a tricolour in the style of the Presidential standard, it is emblazoned with the of Honour of the President of the Republic.In 1927, Mussolini adopted a personal standard consisting of fasces on a Savoy blue field with a yellow border; this was abolished in 1943. Firstly in 2001, and then again from 2008, adopted a similar standard of the office of Prime Minister, this time the coat of arms proper on a darker blue field with double yellow border. 18th-century, now Reggio Emilia Town HallThe law, implementing Article 12 of the and following of Italy's membership of the, lays down the general provisions governing the use and display of the flag of the Italian Republic and the (in its territory).There are no international conventions on flying the flag, but protocol adopted by a large number of countries have such similarities as to suggest lines of commonly accepted practice. In general two areas of exposure are identified: national and international events.
In both cases it is generally followed practice that national flags displayed in a group should be of equal size and each hoisted on its own flagstaff, of equal height, or on separate ropes if fixed on yardarm. The flag is flown from sunrise to sunset, except in case of bad weather; exhibition at night is permitted provided it is adequately illuminated. The flag is raised and lowered vividly and with solemnity; it is always treated with dignity and should never be allowed to touch the ground or water. Vertical hoist is transformationally identical to horizontal hoist (i.e. The flag is rotated 90 degrees).When displayed alongside other flags, the national flag takes the position of honour; it is raised first and lowered last. Other national flags should be arranged in alphabetical order. Where two (or more than three) flags appear together, the national flag should be placed to the right (left of the observer); in a display of three flags in line, the national flag occupies the central position.
The European flag is also flown from government buildings on a daily basis. In the presence of a foreign visitor belonging to a member state, this takes precedence over the Italian flag. As a sign of mourning, flags flown externally shall be lowered to; two black ribbons may be attached to those otherwise displayed.
Traditionally, the flag may be decorated with a golden surrounding the perimeter.Pantone matching system. The Italian flag, using the 2003 to 2006 coloursIn 2003, after 206 years of service, the authentic colours of the Italian tricolour were specified by the government, but later amended after hot debate on the chosen shades. As of 23 September 2006, the official textile colours defined by law (and their rendered values in other ) are: DescriptionNumber17-6153 TC(0, 140, 69)(100%, 0%, 51%, 45%)(150°, 100%, 55%)#008C4511-0601 TC(244, 245, 240)(0%, 0%, 2%, 4%)(72°, 2%, 96%)#F4F5F018-1662 TC(205, 33, 42)(0%, 84%, 80%, 20%)(357°, 84%, 80%)#CD212AThis approach has been criticised by the as a 'fundamental error'. However, it applies only to flags produced on polyester fabric bunting. Other materials should produce the same chromatic results obtained on the sample kept in the State Ceremonial Department of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, as well as in every and Italian diplomatic mission abroad. See also.References.